Running Zig code in Elixir with Zigler and in Wasi-WebAssembly with Wasmex

I was curious about the difference in execution time between NIF and WebAssembly.

NIF with Zigler server-side
WASI with Wasmex server-side
WASM with native WebAssembly in the browser

And the winner is NIF, about two times faster.

All Zig code compiled ReleaseFast in all cases.

Compilation:

Zigler compiles the Zig for you
you pass the target .wasi in zig build for WASI
you pass or .freestanding in zig build for WebAssembly.

The main difference between the two solutions is the way you pass data to and from the host.

Receive data into `Elixir`:

with Zigler, you can receive a struct as a map. Zigler is quite impressive. It also provides also resources: a (safe) way to return pointers to native data structures from a NIF.
with Wasmex or WebAssembly, you receive a memory index when the data is in binary form

When using WebAssembly, the crux of the interaction is the serialisation of the data structure in Zig you want to pass to Elixir in order to fit the linear memory model. It remains to pattern match on the binary on the Elixir side.

Pass data from `Elixir`:

with Zigler, you pass an array of data
with Wasmex or WA, you write data to an index that has been allocated by Zig. This way, you can pass strings or serialised data.

Results

The results of the Genetic Algorithm ran 32 times to collect stats back in Elixir are:

Server-side:

# Threaded NIF
iex(24)> :timer.tc(fn -> GAThreaded.calc(10, "I want a beer! What about you?!") end)

{2_624_277,
 %{max: 1733, min: 545, elitism: 10, mean: 969.25, std_dev: 467.44238906711723}}

# unthreaded NIF
iex(26)> :timer.tc(fn -> GAStd.calc(10, "I want a beer! What about you?!") end)

{2_038_405,
 %{max: 1926, min: 537, elitism: 10, mean: 994.46875, std_dev: 347.26}

# WASI
iex(29)> :timer.tc(fn -> GAWasi.calc(10, "I want a beer! What about you?!") end)
{4_613_034,
 %{max: 1532, min: 474, elitism: 10, mean: 894.25, std_dev: 264.93, trials: 32}}

Browser:

4_952_399,
  {
    elitism: 10,
    mean: 1086.98,
    stdDev: 451.45,
    min: 428,
    max: 2668,
    trials: 32,
  };

Dataflow in `Javascript`.

You need to pass a string from the host (Javascript) to the WebAssembly container, and recover data from the WAC.

you call a Zig function that allocates memory of a given length
you populate the WA memory at this position (via an ArrayBuffer given by TextDecoder with "ascii" encoding)
you call a Zig function to read the memory at this position and populate an internal variable
to recover data from Zig, you need to serialise it into a linear format
you call a Zig function that sends you the index of this data
you populate a DataView at this index and convert the data

README